Semen Analysis

A semen analysis, also called a sperm count, measures the quantity and quality of semen and sperm. Semen is the thick, white fluid released from the penis during sexual climax (orgasm). This release is called ejaculation.

Semen has sperm, the cells made in the male reproductive system that carry half of the genetic material needed to make a baby. Problems with the quantity or quality of your semen and sperm, such as low sperm count or sperm that don't move properly, can affect your sperm's ability to reach and fertilize an egg. An egg is the cell made in the female reproductive system that carries the other half of the genetic material needed to make a baby.

Problems with your sperm's ability to fertilize an egg can cause infertility, which is the inability to conceive a baby after a year of trying.

Why this test is done

You may need a semen analysis if:

• You and your partner have been trying to have a baby for at least 12 months without success.
• You've recently had a vasectomy and need to make sure that you don't have any sperm in your semen.

How to prepare

You'll need to avoid all sexual activity that results in ejaculating sperm for 2-7 days before the sample is collected. This will help make sure your sperm count is at its highest level. Your provider will give you instructions.

Sample type

Semen

Other names for this test

sperm count, sperm analysis, semen testing, male fertility test