Specimen volume (24H U)
Sourced reference. This entry is compiled from LOINC, Mayo Clinic and is reproduced for reference rather than written by eMed7. Reference ranges differ between laboratories — always read a result against the range printed on your own report.
Monitoring patients with monoclonal gammopathies
Urine proteins can be grouped into 5 fractions by protein electrophoresis:
-Albumin
-Alpha-1
-Alpha-2
-Beta-globulin
-Gamma-globulin
One or more quantifiable monoclonal proteins may be present and reported as M spike.
The urine total protein concentration, the electrophoretic pattern, and the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain may be characteristic of monoclonal gammopathies such as multiple myeloma, primary systemic amyloidosis, and light chain deposition disease.
The following algorithms are available:
-Amyloidosis: Laboratory Approach to Diagnosis
-Multiple Myeloma: Laboratory Screening
Why this test is done
The presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain in the urine is seen in multiple myeloma, macroglobulinemia, primary systemic amyloidosis and light-chain deposition disease, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, and idiopathic Bence-Jones proteinuria. The presence of a monoclonal light chain can produce renal insufficiency, may be deposited as amyloid fibrils, may damage the proximal tubes producing Fanconi syndrome, or light chains may deposit in the glomerulus and cause light-chain deposition disease.
Heavy-chain fragments as well as light chains may be seen in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma or amyloidosis.
How to prepare
Supplies: Urine Container, 60 mL (T313)
Submission Container/Tube: Plastic, 60-mL urine bottle
Specimen Volume: 50 mL
Collection Instructions:
1. Collect urine for 24 hours and refrigerate specimen during collection.
2. Aliquot between 30 mL and 50 mL of urine into a plastic, 60-mL urine bottle.
Additional Information: See Urine Preservatives-Collection and Transportation for 24-Hour Urine Specimens for multiple collections.
Sample type
Urine
Published reference ranges
| Group | Typical reference range |
|---|---|
| Adult male | 8.6 - 10.3 mg/dL |
| Adult female | 8.6 - 10.3 mg/dL |
| Children | 8.8 - 10.8 mg/dL |
| Infants | 9.0 - 11.0 mg/dL |
| Pregnancy | 8.2 - 9.7 mg/dL |
| Older adults | 8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL |
Panels that include this test
- 17-Ketosteroids and 17-Ketogenic steroids panel - 24 hour Urine
- Adrenal cancer risk assessment and urine steroid fractions panel
- Chloride panel - 24 hour Urine
- Cortisol and Cortisone panel - 24 hour Urine
- Cortisol.free panel - 24 hour Urine
- Creatinine 24 hour urine panel - 24 hour Urine
- Creatinine 24H renal clearance adjusted for body surface area panel
- Creatinine 24H renal clearance panel
- Cystine panel - Urine
- ESRD dialysis adequacy panel
- Immunoglobulin light chains panel - 24 hour Urine
- Metanephrine, Normetanephrine, 3-Methoxytyramine panel - 24 hour Urine
- Microalbumin panel - 24 hour Urine
- Microalbumin/Creatinine panel in 24H Urine
- Porphyrin fractions panel - 24 hour Urine
- Protein electrophoresis panel - Urine
- Protein monoclonal panel 24Hr Urine
- Retinol binding protein panel - 24 hour Urine
- Supersaturation panel - 24 hour Urine
- Uranium.depleted panel - 24 hour Urine
- Urine collection associated observations panel - 24 hour Urine
- Vanillylmandelate and Creatinine panel - 24 hour Urine
Other names for this test
Bence Jones Urine, Heavy Chains Urine, Immunoelectrophoresis, Urine, Immunofixation Electrophoresis (IFE), Immunofixation, Urine, Kappa Chains Urine, Lambda Chains Urine, Light Chains Urine, Paraprotein, Special Protein Studies, Urine, Mass-Fix, Mass Fix, MASSFIX, Mayo Clinic MASSFIX
Full library entry
Reference ranges, sample type, and citations for this marker.
Open in the biomarker librarySources
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 606718: Albumin, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 610595: Calcium, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 614058: Chloride, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 606710: Citrate Excretion, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 8546: Cortisol, Free, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 82948: Cortisol/Cortisone, Free, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 615813: Creatinine Clearance, Serum and 24-Hour Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 610768: Magnesium, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 616911: Monoclonal Protein Studies, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 616913: Monoclonal Protein Screen, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 616907: Monoclonal Protein Quantitation, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
- Mayo Clinic Laboratories [Internet]. Test ID: 606737: Oxalate, 24 Hour, Urine: Clinical and Interpretive.— Mayo Clinic Laboratories
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Educational content only. This entry describes what a test measures and how published reference ranges are defined. It is not a diagnosis, does not interpret your personal results, and is not a substitute for a qualified doctor.