Ketones in Urine

A ketones in urine test measures ketone levels in your urine. Normally, the cells in your body use blood glucose (also called blood sugar) for energy. It comes from the food you eat.

Your body breaks down most of that food into glucose and releases it into your bloodstream. If your cells can't get enough glucose, your body breaks down fat for energy instead. This produces an acid called ketones, which can build up in your blood and urine.

Having some ketones in your urine is normal. But high ketone levels in your urine may be a sign that your blood is too acidic. This condition is called ketoacidosis.

The most common type of ketoacidosis is a complication of diabetes called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Diabetic ketoacidosis is a medical emergency that often develops quickly and can be life-threatening. If you have diabetes, a ketones in urine test can help find high ketone levels early, so you can get treatment right away.

Home tests are available if your health care provider recommends frequent testing.

Why this test is done

Your provider may order a ketones in urine test if you have diabetes or other conditions that increase your risk for developing high ketone levels. You may also need this test if you have symptoms of ketoacidosis, which may include:

Early symptoms of ketoacidosis:

• Urinating (peeing) a lot
• Extreme hunger or thirst
• Dehydration
• Headache

Severe symptoms of ketoacidosis:

• Nausea or vomiting
• Pain in your abdomen (belly)
• Confusion
• Trouble breathing
• Feeling very tired or sleepy
• Fruity-smelling breath

If you have severe symptoms of ketoacidosis, seek immediate medical help. Large amounts of ketones can be life-threatening.

How to prepare

You may have to fast (not eat or drink) for a certain period of time before taking a ketones in urine test. Ask your provider if you need to fast or do any other type of preparation before your test.

Sample type

Urine

Other names for this test

ketones urine test, ketone test, urine ketones, ketone bodies